The French Revolution - 890 Words

By providing a mostly chronological style to her text, Neely seeks for her book to act as an â€Å"introduction to the French Revolution† by acquainting â€Å"the reader with the most important events, the prominent people, and the essential terms (xvi).† In her introduction, Neely discusses how the Revolution is still a hot-topic discussion amongst French-people and even how at the Bicentennial, there was still no definitive answers as to the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why† of the Revolution. Neely’s text is a great supportive source for a typical undergraduate French Revolution survey course. Neely utilizes a variety of general history sources, such as the Oxford History of the French Revolution and dictionaries such as Samuel Scott’s and Barry Rothaus’ 1984 text Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution. She also utilizes a variety of sources focusing purely on King Louis XVI, the French armies, and the various revolutionaries. I bel ieve this combination of general and specific sources allowed for Neely to provide the reader with the most complete introductory narrative of the French Revolution. Class is the primary theme that is explored through the first three chapters of Neely’s text. She begins the book with chapter one introducing the reader to the Ancien Regime, providing the reader with the much needed background information of understanding how things were in France until the Revolution discussing issues such as Salic Law (1), the three estates, and how the Estates’ General functionShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wantedRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasants

Leon Battista Alberti A True Renaissance Man

Leon Battista Alberti was also known as Battista Alberti, Leo Battista Alberti, Leone Battista Alberti. He was a humanist philosopher, writer, Renaissance architect, and art theorist. He was also known for pursuing philosophical, artistic, mathematics, scientific and athletic endeavors, making him one of the most well-rounded thinkers of his age. Leon Battista Alberti is considered by many scholars to be a quintessential Renaissance universal man of learning. In addition to painting, designing buildings, and writing scientific, artistic and philosophical treatises, Leon Battista Alberti wrote the first book on Italian grammar and groundbreaking work on cryptography. He is credited with inventing the cypher wheel, and it was said that from a standing position, with his feet together, Leon Battista Alberti could jump over a mans head. Occupations Artist ArchitectClericPhilosopherEngineer MathematicianWriter Places of Residence and Influence Italy Important Dates Born: Feb. 14, 1404, GenoaDied: April 25, 1472, Rome Quotation From Leon Battista Alberti I certainly consider a great appreciation of painting to be the best indication of a most perfect mind.I will never tire of recommending the custom, practiced by the best architects, of preparing not only drawings and sketches, but also models of wood or any other material. These... enable us to examine... the work as a whole... and, before continuing any further, to estimate the likely trouble and expense.

The nature of oppression in the story Of Mice And Men - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 648 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Of Mice And Men Essay Did you like this example? In the book Of Mice And Men, by John Steinbeck. It is taking place back during the Great Depression and the general idea is to tell and show you the nature of human existence. It tells you the story of George and Lennie. Two displaced migrant ranch workers. Who move ranch to ranch, because of Lenniers behavioral issues. They are trying to find new job opportunities. Not to mention, George depends on Lennie throughout the novel to make his American Dream worthwhile. Of Mice And Men teaches a grim lesson about the nature of oppression. Lennie has hardships throughout the novel, because he keeps causing trouble wherever he goes. First, George overthrows Lennie by shooting him in the head. George is defeated by his own oppression by shooting Lennie because if he did not shoot him, then Lennie would have suffered. He made Lennie think of the dream farm, which always made Lennie happy. If he did not then the ranch workers would have made him suffer. Because he killed a rat, a puppy and Curleyrs wife. Next, Curley torments Lennie by beating him up. Curley controls Lennie by always making sure Lennie is under control. George is an adult figure and someone for Lennie to look up too. George has many hardships dealing and controlling Lennie an example would be when he said but he does it anyway for the sake of Aunt Clara. He promised he would take care and control of Lennie no matter what(12). Lastly, Crooks brutality yells at Lennie for coming into his bunk in the farmhouse. Crooks abuses Lennie because he realizes Lennie is a rare, white ranch worker and he tells Lennie that George is not going to return back to the ranch. Lennie gets upset and that makes Crooks smirk because of the torture he gives Lennie, it satisfies him. Although Lennie was a tyrannized character, he was not the only one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The nature of oppression in the story Of Mice And Men" essay for you Create order Curleyrs wife is abused due to her femininity in the specific time period. First, Curleyrs wifes mother iron handed her by making her dream of a movie star never come true. Curleyrs wifes mother oppresses Curleyrs wife because Curleyrs wife met a man, who worked in the movie industry. They became close and he said when he gets home to Hollywood, he would write her. Curleyrs wifes mother found the letter and hid it from Curleyrs wife. Next, Curley controls his wife by leaving her in the house all day long and not communicating with her. Curley mistreats his wife. Thatrs what makes her flirt with all of the other ranch workers. She just wants attention and not to be alone and Curley just possesses her. An example, is when she says I get lonely, she said, ?You can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curly. Else he gets mad. Howd you like not to talk to anybody? (87). This is telling you exactly why she flirts with the other ranch workers. Lastly, the ranch workers hound Curley rs wife by not talking to her. They are trying to stay as far as possible away from her, so there is no trouble with Curley. Cause whenever Curleyrs wifes around Curley thinks that the ranch workers want her. But it is really Curleyrs wife who is isolated and wants attention. Curleyrs wife is another character who was tyrannized not just Lennie. This is only some reasons and examples how Of Mice And Men showed the nature of oppression. Steinbeck choose to portray Lennie and Curleyrs wife as characters who are oppressed by others because they are two unfortunate people. They have dreams that cannot be succeeded. Also, they are lonely and left out of things and no one talks to or wants to talk to them. There are multiple characters going through multiple issues, they just have to work through things and make the best of it.

Escherichia Coli An Causative Agent Of Infections Essay

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a strain of bacteria that is defined as primary the causative agent of infections in the urinary tract. Many strains of this bacteria are specifically adapted to overcome host defenses. The signs of a potential urinary tract infection include inflammation and shedding of the epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder. Importance Study into this field is crucial for human and animal populations around the world. The importance of studying this organism includes, but is not limited to: developing a technique of how to combat active infections, understanding how the organism penetrates a host’s defenses, and to develop practices that will prevent repetitive infections. Introduction Uropathogenic species of microorganisms are extremely resistant to medical treatments. More recent studies have shown that even with the implementation of antibiotics reservoirs of bacteria can survive. A reservoir refers to any place or substance that can harbor infectious agents under normal circumstances. The term is typically used in microbiology to reference the source of infections agents that can infect individuals. Urinary Tract Infections have a large net effect on a variety of populations around the world. The disease is highly frequent and associated medical costs are also high. It is estimated that approximately one third of the female population in America will be plagued with at least one Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) before they reach the ageShow MoreRelatedEscherichia Coli Related Cystitis Prevalence and Pathogenicity1066 Words   |  5 Pagesvirulence factors of Escherichia coli to the prevalence and symptoms of cystitis. This will be accomplished by defining the disease, its etiology and the causative agent. The mode of transmission and risk factors will be discussed as well, the pathogenesis, signs and symptoms will be explained. Finally dietary and nutritional implication along with treatment and prognosis will conclude this paper. Definition of Disease Cystitis more commonly known as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuriaRead MoreInfectious Bacterial Diarrhe Common Occurrence Among The Elderly People, Children, And The Immunocompromised Individuals1047 Words   |  5 PagesColitis is the inflammation of the colon resulting to symptoms such as diarrhea, tenesmus, fever, and severe abdominal pain. The common pathologic organisms responsible for the infection include Camphylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, and the Yersinia species (Papaconstantinou, Thomas, 2007). The initial infection of Camphylobacter, C, fetus, was discovered and described in 1947 after several cases appeared and it was isolated from blood (Loss, Mangla, Pereira, 1980). Later, the discoveryRead MoreFoodborne Diseases : Foodborne Disease1746 Words   |  7 Pagesenhancing food security directly through the food chain (Food Standards Agency, 2001). The Epidemiology, Microbiology and Clinical impact of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in England, 2009-2012. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative bacteria. They ordinarily live in the insides of individuals and animals. Generally E. coli are safe and really are imperative ordinary vegetation of a sound human intestinal tract. Nonetheless, some are pathogenic and cause disease, either looseness ofRead MoreMicrobiology Unknown Paper.1340 Words   |  6 PagesLahela Correa 12/08/2009 Microbiology 140 Matthew Tuthill Unknown Lab Report Introduction There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain foods or antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that I have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identificationRead Moreantimicrobial agents933 Words   |  4 PagesAntimicrobial Agents Lisette Vazquez October 27, 2013 Antimicrobial Agents Antimicrobial agents are utilized to kill microorganisms that cause infections. In order to be able to kill these microorganisms we must have an understanding of the factor associated with the infection. The purpose of this paper is to explore the different types of antimicrobial agents and the differences between viral and bacterial infections. Antimicrobial Agent Categories There are several antimicrobial agents to treatRead MoreThe Management of Wound Infections440 Words   |  2 Pagespathogens present in surgical or non surgical wounds pus and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern against 12 frequently used commercial antibiotics as Amikacin (AK10) Staphylococcus aureus (64.29%), Bacitracin (B10) Escherichia coli(27.77%), Cefotaxime (CTX) S.aureus (33.33%), Chloromphenicol (C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa(36.36%), Cefatexin (CN) P.aeruginosa (36.36%), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) S.aureus (66.67%), Gentamicin (GEN10) E.coli (61.11%), Novobiocin (NV) S.aureus (60.0%)Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infection1092 Words   |  5 PagesPyelonephritis is the inflammation of the kidney that is mostly caused by a bacterial infection, which leads to scarring of the kidney. It is a form of a urinary tract infection (UTI) one instance may lead to substantial renal damage, kidney failure, abscess formation, sepsis, septic shock, and the failure of multiple organs. The infection typically begins in the urethra or bladder and travels up into the kidneys, where it could potentially harm the organs and even the life of the infected individualRead MoreThe Impact Of Reporting On Foodborne Diseases2297 Words   |  10 Pagescases are often not detected through routine surveillance.12 Medical professionals, health departments, and laboratories play key roles in identifying foodborne diseases and their sources and reporting them through surveillance systems. Also, some agents transmitted commonly through food (e.g., norovirus) are not monitored by certain surveillance systems because clinical laboratories do not routinely test for them. Most foodborne diseases can be prevented, and progress has been made in decreasingRead MoreAntibacterial Studies Of Some Bisindolizine Compounds2365 Words   |  10 PagesR=p-C6H5Br, h.R= p-C6H5 F R1=- COOCH3 Scheme1 Synthesis of bisindolizine derivatives The antibacterial activity of the compounds were studied against Bacillus cereus (NCIM 2155), Bacillus pumilus (NCIM 2189), Escherichia coli (NCIM 2343), Klebsiella pneumonia (NCIM 2707), Proteus vulgaris (NCIM 2027), Clostridium perfringens (NCIM 2677), Bacillus macerans (NCIM 2131), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM 2863), Salmonella typhimurium (NCIM 2501) and Staphylococcus aureusRead MoreAnti-Bacterial Property of Duhat (Syzgium Cumini) Bark Extract2168 Words   |  9 PagesM. Vicera January, 2012 Ms. Santiago Abstract Humans especially for those who live in dirty community are prone to get disease such as cholera, diarrhea, fever and many more because there is an unseen specimen called bacteria. Bacteria such as e-coli and staphylococcus are the most common bacteria that can cause illness to mankind. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 3 out of 10 people are infected by bacteria that cause various diseases. This study was conducted to determine the anti-bacterial

Notes For Religion Exam Free Essays

Theory essay and pop culture essay. Underline and circle key terms Islam, Post cool, psychoanalytical theory Chinese, Islam, indigenous, Hinduism, Janis, Buddhism 6 study questions Chinese Religion Question 3 -? How would you characterize Confucianism treatment of women? – Women had a critical, albeit indirect and informal role to play in government. Stores told illustrate the influence that a woman could exercise through intelligence and wisdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes For Religion Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their role is important but lesser than the man. Bed ritual Islam Religion Question 3 – What is the Curran? How is it understood in the Muslim tradition? – The Curran was revealed to the prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and gave him the verses that became the Curran. It is the word of god and is not translated, but always read in Arabic. Indigenous Religion Question 3 -? Many indigenous religions have understood religious power in gendered terms. How are these gender divisions reflected n the traditions you have read about in this chapter? – Women are generally higher than men in indigenous religions. In Melanesia, men are very suspicious of women and perform odd rituals in order to have menstrual equality. Hinduism Religion Question 3 – What role do sacred texts play in Hinduism? They play a significant role in the religion. The Veda is the most authoritative text. Many of the ideas in this book helped establish Hinduism. The Veda is not kept in homes and its ideas are handed down from enervation to generation. Janis Religion Question 3 -? What are the main reasons believed to be responsible for the Asseverate and Digamma splitting? Occurred after the death of Mayfair Discrepancy over ascetic practice, women, and nature of the Jinn Separation – culture reform Buddhism Religion Question 3 – What role if any do deities play in Buddhism? Do not play a major role Many deities in the religion that represent certain ideals, but Buddha preached to let go of the idea of a God in order to achieve Nirvana Critical Race Theory – Racialism (Belief in racial superiority), racism (Power relations that grow from segregation), Hegemony (white dominance of America), intra-racial racism (racism within black community, and Internalized racism. How to cite Notes For Religion Exam, Papers

Work Effectively with Aboriginal Strait People for Kingship System

Question: Discuss about theWork Effectively with Aboriginal Strait People for Kingship System. Answer: True 250 indigenous languages was spoken before white settle that is option C Skin name refers to a method in which the society if subdivided into various categories that are somewhat related to each other by means of kingship system. The type of skin name of an individual is inherited by birth from their parents or ancestors. Skin names helps in explaining the bloodline of persons (Cultural Capability Team, 2015). The three kingship relationships within the extended Indigenous family can be stated as below: Moiety the first level of Kingship relationship: both the division of Yolngu such as Dhuwa or Yirritja is related to each other. The people belonging to Yolngu all over the world at that time were either Dhuwa or Yirritja. Totemis is the second level of Kingship relationship: in this relationship it is seen that the totems is formed by split in Moieties such as is one Moiety is a animal lover and love to conserve the animals, the other Moiety will be animal eater. Skin Names is the third level Kingship relationship: in this relationship if a women has the first name in the family as (One), then her baby is named as (Two). From here any Twos in that region is siblings to the child born. Similarly, every ones is their mother. Further the child that is born will grow and give birth to another child which will be termed as Threes. Similar relationship exists between every Threes and all the Twos will be their mother (Cultural differences in the workplace, 2015). Statement number (d) is not true because all indigenous people cannot paint the traditional art because special Aboriginal artists paint the Indigenous painting. Terra Nullius is a Latin word, which means the Land belonging to nobody. It is the termed use in the times of European colonial power during which they took the control of an empty territory. Terra nullius is stated of the territory, which has never been subjected to any sovereignty of a state. Such territory can be occupied by anyone for any occupational reasons (Hendy, 2017). The three disastrous impacts the colonization had over the indigenous people are: Colonization introduced various kinds epidemic diseases such as chickenpox, smallpox and others There was huge loss of land as indigenous people were unable to access the land and other water resources on the land. Increased episodes of violation in which indigenous people were murdered and brutally treated by the British (Ganesharajah, 2017). The missionary organization that arrived in the Torres Strait in 1871 is The London Missionary Society. From all the statements about Wik decision, option number (c) is true which states that Wik decision stated that deemed native title and pastoral leases to co-exist (Roberts, 2017). Cultural factors that are currently affecting the Indigenous society are: Increased female mortality rate among the Indigenous people Increased usage of drugs in the society Low level of nutrition among the indigenous persons Relationship between country and well-being of the indigenous people are highly dependent on the relationship between the land and wellbeing. It has been stated that the indigenous people considered a positive outcome from working in the country. However, the indigenous people also faced some health issues while living outside the urban areas. For these kinds of people, land is central to their well-being. On the other hand, it is also seen that the connection of indigenous people with the land is very complex. Indigenous people highly connected their well-being with the well-being of their country. Evidences showed that the indigenous people related their condition of poor health with the deteriorating health of the Murray River. In this way, indigenous people connected their own well-being with the country (Roberts, 2017). Option (d): any kind of judgment or interpretation that is done for someone or something by means of standard is known as Cultural Bias. Reverse Cultural Shock is a type of shock that people suffer while coming back to their hometown after living overseas. It is because they find it difficult to adjust with the culture of their home country. The most important of communication according to Carl Rogers is two way communication. Two non-verbal communication strategies that one can use while communicating with the Indigenous people are hand gestures and facial expressions. In verbal communication, keeping a translator or mediator and the communicating person should also know their native language. However, while learning their linguistic, it is important to consider their cultural aspects as well (Love, Moore Warburton, 2017). Gratuitous concurrence is situation that is evident when a person is seem to agree on every plan given to them and does not show any kind of disagreement. It is most commonly used by indigenous people in which using gratuitous concurrence is a cultural incident and a way of building relationship. It is important to consider the health literacy level while dealing with the indigenous client because a lack in health services would show lackness in the true partnership. Cultural safety is referred to as a policy in which equal attention and respect is given to different culture and society while offering them health and education facility. Option (c): Reconciliation action plan Four cultural differences and behavior a culturally safe workplace will respect are dress, religious practices, non-verbal behavior and customs (Drahos, 2014). Three cultural obligations that an indigenous staff will have to deal with are trust, communication and respect. Benefits of building partnership with indigenous people are: Help to develop cultural awareness Helps to learn a lot about their linguistic and customs Help in building equitable society Option (b) are recognized as a custodian of cultural knowledge, practices and beliefs Indigenous reference group is a group that gives advice and strategic direction to the programs that aims at supporting the rights of indigenous people (Love, Moore Warburton, 2017). Capacity building simply means increasing the assets available to a community. References Cultural Capability Team. (2015).health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/151923/communicating.pdf Cultural differences in the workplace. (2015).sa.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.eoc.sa.gov.au/eo-you/workers/work/cultural-differences-workplace Drahos, P. (2014).Intellectual property, indigenous people and their knowledge(No. 25). Cambridge University Press. Ganesharajah. C (2017).Indigenous Health and Wellbeing: The Importance of Country. Aiatsis.gov.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/products/report_research_outputs/ganesharajah-2009-indigenous-health-wellbeing-importance-country.pdf Hendy, P. (2017).Employing Indigenous Australians.cufa.com.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.cufa.com.au/downloads/library/csr/Employing_Indigenous_Australians_Strategy.pdf Love, P., Moore, M., Warburton, J. (2017). Nurturing spiritual well?being among older people in Australia: Drawing on Indigenous and non?indigenous way of knowing.Australasian journal on ageing,36(3), 179-185. Roberts A. (2017).Elders track lost Indigenous languages - ABC Capricornia - Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Abc.net.au. Retrieved 14 November 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/01/25/3415611.htm

Construction Law for Disruption in Construction - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Law for Delay and Disruption in Construction. Answer: Introduction The distinctive branch of Law that manages engineering, construction and other related activities is called Construction Law. Taking construction law as backbone, other streams like the employment law, planning law, commercial law, torts, etc. were originated. The law in question has taken upon itself to cover a wide range of problems, such as negligence, guarantees, securities, bonds, constructional claims, tender related issues, consultancy contracts, etc (Hughes, Champion and Murdoch, 2015). Such laws focus on several participants, socially, economically, legally and financially. Financial Institutions, Engineers, builders, architects, constructional workers, industries, companies and other institutions can be called its prime benefactors and the ones affected by it the most. Australian Standards in Construction Law It can be stated that for construction and building related laws, Australia has developed many standards.[1] Such standards directly affect the engineering and construction industries while also factoring in the effectiveness of work, the quality, safety and the efficiency. In this case, a document providing rules and regulations and a detailed overview of how these rules are applicable on the varied lawful situations, would be called a standard. The Building Code of Australia is a culmination and record of all laws and standards that can be put to use in an appropriate situation to counter subjects and also to maintain lawful actions, some of its uses are specified below: Maintaining the waterproofing system and constructing things necessary to support it in buildings.[2] Implementation of design in the disability access structures.[3] Standards of products and production of test-modules for doors, windows etc.[4] Standardizing and implementing designs for production of smoke detectors. The lawyers in Australia have to follow a series of activities that come under the construction law as a whole; they are drafting contracts and Advising, preparing agreements for joint venture, recovery of debt, distribution of litigation and resolution, development and planning of various applications with council members etc. It should be remembered that all such combinations are only possible when approved by state, local and federal laws of the country.[5] National Construction Code (NCC) and other Acts The National Construction Code or the NCC was a code formulated by the Australian Building codes Board (ABCB) that presents, in detail, the necessary requirements for architecting and constructing a new building in Australia. It is seen that the code examines in the great detail, the safety, amenity and any health related issues that can be connected with the said building and its overall design. Within it are the Building Codes of Australia (BCA) and Plumbing Codes of Australia (PCA) in the volumes 1 and 2 and the volume 3, respectively.[6] The current amended act is the version of NCC 2016 which has been lawfully accepted and followed by all states in Australia. Keeping the NCC aside, several other acts can be accounted for the advent of Australian Construction laws, such as: Building Act, 1975 Building Code of Australia Building and Construction Industry Payments Act, 2004 (BCIPA) Building and Construction Industry (Portable Long Service Leave) Act, 1991 Fair Work Act, 2009; and several other acts. Legislations Based on State and Territory Apart from the acts stated above and the NCC, it is only natural that each state might have their own rules regarding the laws of building in general. Such laws are made in a way that they can cover sectors and issues like the Licensing, Contractual formalities, Registration issues, statutory warranties in contracts, insurance etc. such laws and acts segregated among states are mentioned below: Victoria: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act, 2002. New South Wales: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act, 1999 and the Contractors Debts Act 1997. Australian Capital Territory: Building and Construction Industry (Security of Payment) Act, 2009. Queensland: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2004, Queensland Building and Construction Commission Act 1991 and the Subcontractors Charges Act, 1974. South Australia: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2009 and the Workers Liens Act, 1893. Western Australia: Construction Contracts Act, 2004. Tasmania: Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act, 2009. Northern Territory: Construction Contracts (Security of Payments) Act, 2004. State legislations for Payment and Security Judging from above, it is pretty safe to state that states can have security and payment legislations as well that primarily indulges only subcontractors and contractors.[7] The framework ensures that payment procedures are safe and righteously made and disputes and money recovery can be made without a possible scenario of litigation. References Bailey, I.H., Bell, M. and Bell, C., 2011.Construction law in Australia. Lawbook Company. Burr, A. (Ed.). (2016).Delay and disruption in construction contracts. CRC Press. Gan, X., Zuo, J., Ye, K., Skitmore, M., Xiong, B. (2015). Why sustainable construction? Why not? An owner's perspective.Habitat International,47, 61-68. Hughes, W., Champion, R., Murdoch, J. (2015).Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge. Murray, M. (2013).Corporate social responsibility in the construction industry. Routledge. Zhou, Z., Goh, Y. M., Li, Q. (2015). Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry.Safety science,72, 337-350.